I've gotten this to work. I installed the latest release (SharePointListAdaptersSetup-2016-11-20.msi) link although I am running Server 2012.
Checked the 'complete install' when prompted. Checked under the 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\PipelineComponents' folder, found that the SharePointListAdapters.dll had installed there correctly. Deployed from Visual Studio 2010 on development machine (as package model) to the SQL Server. Ran it as a job using a proxy with credentials that had permissions on both the SharePoint list and the SQL server.
tldr; use latest version on 2012 server, should deploy okay but check it installed to the correct folder.
Checked the 'complete install' when prompted. Checked under the 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\PipelineComponents' folder, found that the SharePointListAdapters.dll had installed there correctly. Deployed from Visual Studio 2010 on development machine (as package model) to the SQL Server. Ran it as a job using a proxy with credentials that had permissions on both the SharePoint list and the SQL server.
tldr; use latest version on 2012 server, should deploy okay but check it installed to the correct folder.